不銹鋼管立式(shi)穿孔機具有各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)結構(gou)，采(cai)用何種結構(gou)取決(jue)于其不同的(de)(de)用途。

  若(ruo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)實心坯料穿(chuan)孔的穿(chuan)孔機，通常具有(you)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在同一(yi)(yi)導向裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置上的兩個(ge)活(huo)動(dong)橫(heng)梁(liang)，其(qi)中一(yi)(yi)個(ge)橫(heng)梁(liang)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)鐓(dui)(dui)粗(cu)坯料用(yong)(yong)的鐓(dui)(dui)粗(cu)桿，也稱(cheng)為鐓(dui)(dui)粗(cu)梁(liang)；另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)活(huo)動(dong)橫(heng)梁(liang)上安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)穿(chuan)孔桿，即(ji)稱(cheng)穿(chuan)孔梁(liang)。兩個(ge)橫(heng)梁(liang)可(ke)以同時或者(zhe)單獨地(di)工作(zuo)或移動(dong)。

  若(ruo)采用(yong)擴孔(kong)工藝時，沒有鐓粗工序，則(ze)可(ke)以簡化穿孔(kong)機的(de)結構，兩個動(dong)梁并為一個，僅作(zuo)為擴孔(kong)頭在穿孔(kong)筒(tong)中的(de)對中，即具有短(duan)行程的(de)附(fu)加動(dong)梁。

  一般最為常用的不銹鋼管(guan)穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。

   穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)按(an)其結構形式可(ke)以(yi)分為(wei)三(san)類：有一個(ge)(ge)固定穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)；有一個(ge)(ge)移動(dong)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)具有多(duo)工(gong)位的(de)旋轉(zhuan)或移動(dong)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒座的(de)多(duo)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒形式的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)。日本的(de)神(shen)戶制鋼還安裝(zhuang)了(le)有3個(ge)(ge)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒的(de)多(duo)穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒結構的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)。

  表8-23為穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力與擠壓機(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)匹配情(qing)況，表8-24為國外(wai)部分立式穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)主要技術(shu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

  圖(tu)8-27所(suo)示(shi)為立式(shi)單筒固定式(shi)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)的結構示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)，此種(zhong)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)設備高度高，裝出料間隙時(shi)間長，被認為是一(yi)種(zhong)陳舊的結構。

  近(jin)代也(ye)有(you)采用(yong)4工(gong)位雙(shuang)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒移動(dong)式(shi)或(huo)旋轉式(shi)立式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)結(jie)構(gou)（圖8-28)。這種結(jie)構(gou)的立式(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)，采用(yong)2個(ge)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒交替作業(ye)，裝出料和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒內襯(chen)的清理都在穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)中心線(xian)之外進行(xing)。因此，不(bu)僅使(shi)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)的高度降低，同時降低了(le)廠房設施的高度，而且也(ye)提高了(le)設備的使(shi)用(yong)效率(lv)。但是，隨之穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)筒的快(kuai)速和精確定位及固定比(bi)較困難，搞得不(bu)好會影響穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后空(kong)心坯壁厚(hou)的精度。

 雙穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)結構(gou)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機，穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)具有4個(ge)工(gong)位，在這(zhe)些工(gong)位上(shang)依(yi)次完(wan)成以(yi)下(xia)工(gong)序：把穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)坯(pi)料(liao)裝入穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)，進行坯(pi)料(liao)的鐓粗和穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)，從(cong)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)中頂(ding)出(chu)空(kong)心坯(pi)，進行穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)內襯的清理(li)。

 美國 Lone Star鋼廠55MN（5500t)臥(wo)式鋼管(guan)擠(ji)壓機(ji)(ji)相配(pei)套的25MN(2500t)立式穿(chuan)孔機(ji)(ji)的主要(yao)性能(neng)如下：

 穿(chuan)孔機配置有自動(dong)控制系統，可用于：（1)管(guan)坯的鐓粗和穿(chuan)孔；（2)帶預鉆(zhan)孔和錐形輔(fu)助孔坯料的擴(kuo)孔。