不銹鋼(gang)管立式穿(chuan)孔(kong)機具有各種不同(tong)的(de)結構(gou)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)何種結構(gou)取(qu)決(jue)于其不同(tong)的(de)用(yong)(yong)途。

  若用于實(shi)心坯(pi)料(liao)穿(chuan)孔(kong)的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機，通常具(ju)有安(an)(an)裝在同一(yi)導向裝置(zhi)上的(de)兩個(ge)活(huo)動橫(heng)(heng)梁，其中一(yi)個(ge)橫(heng)(heng)梁安(an)(an)裝有鐓粗(cu)坯(pi)料(liao)用的(de)鐓粗(cu)桿，也稱為鐓粗(cu)梁；另一(yi)個(ge)活(huo)動橫(heng)(heng)梁上安(an)(an)裝有穿(chuan)孔(kong)桿，即稱穿(chuan)孔(kong)梁。兩個(ge)橫(heng)(heng)梁可以同時或者單獨地(di)工(gong)作(zuo)或移動。

  若采用擴(kuo)孔工藝時，沒有鐓(dui)粗工序(xu)，則可以簡化穿孔機的(de)結構(gou)，兩(liang)個動(dong)梁并為一(yi)個，僅作為擴(kuo)孔頭在(zai)穿孔筒中(zhong)的(de)對中(zhong)，即具有短行程的(de)附加動(dong)梁。

  一般最為常用的不銹鋼(gang)管穿孔機用于分別完成穿孔和擴孔兩個工序。

   穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)按(an)其(qi)結構(gou)形(xing)式可以分為三(san)類：有(you)一個(ge)固定穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)；有(you)一個(ge)移(yi)動(dong)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)和具有(you)多(duo)工(gong)位的旋轉或移(yi)動(dong)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)座的多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)形(xing)式的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)。日本的神戶(hu)制(zhi)鋼還安裝(zhuang)了有(you)3個(ge)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)的多(duo)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)結構(gou)的穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)。

  表(biao)8-23為穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)與(yu)擠壓機(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)匹配情況，表(biao)8-24為國外部分立式穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)主要技(ji)術性能(neng)(neng)。

  圖(tu)8-27所(suo)示(shi)為立(li)式單(dan)筒固定式穿孔(kong)機的(de)結(jie)構示(shi)意圖(tu)，此(ci)種(zhong)穿孔(kong)機設(she)備高度高，裝出料間隙時間長(chang)，被認為是一種(zhong)陳舊的(de)結(jie)構。

  近代也(ye)有采(cai)用4工位雙穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)移動(dong)式或旋轉式立式穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)結構（圖8-28)。這種結構的(de)立式穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)，采(cai)用2個穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)交替作業(ye)，裝出(chu)料和穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內襯的(de)清理(li)都(dou)在穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中心線(xian)之外進行。因此，不僅(jin)使穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)高(gao)度降低，同時降低了(le)廠房(fang)設(she)(she)施的(de)高(gao)度，而且也(ye)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)使用效率。但(dan)是(shi)，隨之穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)快速和精(jing)確定位及固定比(bi)較(jiao)困難，搞得不好會影響(xiang)穿孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后空心坯壁厚的(de)精(jing)度。

 雙穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)結構(gou)的(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)機，穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)具有4個工位，在這些工位上依次完成以下工序：把穿(chuan)孔(kong)坯料裝入穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)，進(jin)行坯料的(de)鐓(dui)粗和穿(chuan)孔(kong)，從穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)中頂出空(kong)心坯，進(jin)行穿(chuan)孔(kong)筒(tong)(tong)內襯的(de)清(qing)理。

 美國(guo) Lone Star鋼廠55MN（5500t)臥式(shi)鋼管擠壓機相配套的(de)25MN(2500t)立式(shi)穿孔(kong)機的(de)主要性(xing)能如下(xia)：

 穿(chuan)孔(kong)機配(pei)置(zhi)有自動(dong)控制系統，可用(yong)于(yu)：（1)管坯的鐓粗和穿(chuan)孔(kong)；（2)帶(dai)預(yu)鉆孔(kong)和錐(zhui)形輔助(zhu)孔(kong)坯料的擴(kuo)孔(kong)。