現代的立式穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)機(ji)上(shang)一(yi)般(ban)都配備完成以下動作(zuo)的輔助機(ji)械：（1)在(zai)加(jia)熱好坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)的內(nei)外表面(mian)上(shang)涂敷玻(bo)璃潤滑(hua)劑；（2)將(jiang)內(nei)外表面(mian)經潤滑(hua)的坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)從潤滑(hua)臺送至穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)上(shang)方的位置；（3)將(jiang)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)及(ji)剪切(qie)環送入(ru)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)并封閉穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的下方；（4)將(jiang)玻(bo)璃潤滑(hua)劑施加(jia)到穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)中(zhong)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)的上(shang)端(duan)面(mian)和中(zhong)心(xin)孔(kong)(kong)內(nei)；（5)冷(leng)卻鐓(dui)粗(cu)桿、鐓(dui)粗(cu)頭(tou)；（6)清(qing)理(li)、更換穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)；（7)從穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)中(zhong)頂(ding)出空心(xin)坯(pi)(pi)和剪切(qie)環；（8)冷(leng)卻、清(qing)理(li)、更換剪切(qie)環；（9)冷(leng)卻、清(qing)理(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)（擴）孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)襯(chen)；（10)接(jie)受空心(xin)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)，并將(jiang)其傳送到輸出輥道上(shang)。

 以上(shang)列舉的(de)(de)機械和裝置(zhi)按照自動化程序依次工(gong)作(zuo)，其結構(gou)和布置(zhi)取決（擴(kuo)）孔坯料的(de)(de)質量和尺(chi)寸、穿孔機的(de)(de)結構(gou)形式、穿孔筒的(de)(de)工(gong)位(wei)設置(zhi)及其工(gong)位(wei)數量。

德國制造的10MN（1000t)立式穿孔(kong)機(ji)的有(you)關參(can)數如下(xia)：

 穿(chuan)孔余料應留(liu)的(de)高度由可能(neng)得(de)到(dao)的(de)穿(chuan)孔力(li)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)而定。

 在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高度等(deng)于穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直(zhi)徑的(de)一(yi)半以前(qian)，穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)過程為(wei)等(deng)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)進行。當確定(ding)了穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)在(zai)使用最(zui)(zui)大穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭時的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)力(li)而不考(kao)慮其增長，則在(zai)使用最(zui)(zui)大穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭時的(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)余料高度為(wei)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)頭直(zhi)徑之半。

 實際上，穿(chuan)孔余(yu)料(liao)(liao)高度的確定尚須(xu)考慮(lv)到穿(chuan)孔頭(tou)邊角半徑(jing)的大小(xiao)，以及其材料(liao)(liao)流動錐體的影響。

4. 穿孔(kong)余(yu)料的剪切力與支承缸的封底推(tui)力

  按照(zhao)剪應力(li)理(li)論：σ1-σ3 = 2Tmax,則穿(chuan)孔余(yu)料(liao)剪切力(li)為：  T_max=(σ₁-σ₃)/2      τ=0.5K_f

所采用的K_f相當于無損失鐓壓過程時的數值，但鋼坯下部和穿孔筒底部接觸，約有50~80℃的溫度損失，對于不同的材料在不同溫度下的K_f值見表8-26。

 5. 支(zhi)承缸的封(feng)底推力

  穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)封(feng)底(di)荷載，即單位(wei)壓力，相當于(yu)分布在底(di)部面積上的(de)(de)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力，封(feng)底(di)支承桿(gan)的(de)(de)直徑和(he)穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)(tou)直徑相等。封(feng)底(di)支承桿(gan)的(de)(de)面積（或穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)面積），占穿(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)筒(tong)(tong)面積的(de)(de)比值見表8-27.

  可見，當穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)余(yu)料(liao)的(de)(de)高度不低于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)頭直(zhi)徑之半時，封底(di)推(tui)力(li)能達(da)到(dao)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力(li)的(de)(de)50%就足(zu)夠了(le)。為了(le)充分利(li)用(yong)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力(li)，并(bing)盡量減小穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)余(yu)料(liao)的(de)(de)厚度，則作用(yong)于封底(di)支承桿上的(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力(li)的(de)(de)分量要增加，最大可以增加到(dao)等(deng)于穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)力(li)。

 6. 31.5MN（3150t)擠壓車間10MN(1000t)立(li)式穿孔機(ji)設(she)備(bei)性(xing)能：