當不銹鋼管坯料在感應器內加熱時,由于感應加熱的端部效應和坯料端部的散熱,導致加熱后的不銹鋼管坯料存在軸向溫差,進而使坯料在擠壓后引起鋼管的壁厚不均缺陷。為了確保擠壓不銹鋼管的質量,必須使經感應加熱后的坯料的軸向溫差控制在±30℃左右。為此,坯料在感應加熱(再加熱)過程中需要進行端部功率補償:
1. 端部補(bu)償的原理(li)
感(gan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路由電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻組成(cheng),當將(jiang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)補(bu)償(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)并聯在感(gan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)線路上時,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)阻抗值增高,從而引起感(gan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)與中(zhong)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)匝間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓重新分(fen)配(pei),使(shi)主感(gan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)得到了(le)補(bu)償(chang)(chang),并且導致感(gan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高,使(shi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)通密(mi)度增加(jia),即分(fen)配(pei)到鋼(gang)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率增加(jia),從而使(shi)加(jia)熱坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)溫度得到了(le)補(bu)償(chang)(chang),降低了(le)加(jia)熱(再(zai)加(jia)熱)后坯(pi)(pi)(pi)料的(de)(de)(de)軸向溫差。
2. 補(bu)償電容器容量的(de)計算
感應器的功率因數由cosφ1 補償到 cosφ2所需電容器的容量按下式計算:
3. 端部補(bu)償的控制
傳統的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)控制(zhi)方法是采用無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率繼電器等組成的有觸點的系(xi)統來進行(xing)控制(zhi)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)所(suo)測得(de)的電流(liu)、電壓(ya)、溫度等數值(zhi),將(jiang)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)電容(rong)器的容(rong)量調節到最佳(jia)狀態(tai)。隨著計算機技術和電子技術的發展,近代(dai)一(yi)般都已采用無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率自(zi)動(dong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置,根(gen)據(ju)(ju)所(suo)采集到的數據(ju)(ju),通過分析計算,自(zi)動(dong)切換補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)電路,使之達到最佳(jia)效果。